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1. Rotating 180°, 90° clockwise, 90° counterclockwise, flipping horizontally or vertically is easy: select Image - Rotate, and then the appropriate direction. Rotating just a few degrees is a bit trickier.

In both images a measuring line has been placed between two points. The "Info" Palette indicates that the rotation of Image 2 is .5 degrees off compared to Image 1. (The negative sign indicates that each image would need to be rotated counterclockwise in order to be perfectly horizontal.)

2. In both images, choose the same two points to check for angle. Using the measuring tool (see "Sizing") draw a measuring line from one point to the other.

3. Check the angle of the lines under "Info."

4. Calculate the difference between the angle in Image 1 and Image 2, and determine whether Image 2 needs to be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise to match Image 1.

Image: Rotate Canvas: Arbitrary

Specifying Rotation Angle

5. In Image 2, select Image - Rotate - Arbitrary, type in the degree difference, click on "CW" (clockwise) or "CCW" (counter-clockwise) and click "OK."

Rotating the "canvas" means that the entire image is rotated, including all layers that might be added to a file. The computer interpolates pixels along the edges to fill in the space that would be left blank by the rotation process.

Rotating individual layers will be addressed under Layers.